Question 1

Which of the following descriptions of the need for power is not accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)   The need for personal power is exploitative and involves manipulation and power for the pure sake of personal gratification.
B)   The need for personal power is crucial for success in management.
C)   The need for social power involves using power in socially responsible ways and is directed toward group or organizational objectives rather than personal objectives.
D)   The need for social power is essential to managerial leadership.
E)   People high in the need for power prefer work that involves control over other persons, has an impact on people and events, and brings public recognition and attention.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 2

According to Vroom's theory of motivation, if a person believes that he or she can achieve the performance level necessary to get promoted, the person is said to have ___.

Accepted Answer

A)   high benevolence
B)   positive expectancy
C)   positive instrumentality
D)   high need for affiliation
E)   positive valenceF) A) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 3

Which statement about the equity theory of motivation is inaccurate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Equity comparisons are likely whenever rewards such as monetary incentives or pay increases are allocated.
B)   A manager can do little to anticipate negative inequities.
C)   Rewards perceived as equitably administered can foster positive job performance.
D)   Feelings of inequity are determined solely by the individual receiving the rewards, not by the manager.
E)   Managers should carefully communicate an evaluation of the reward being given and the performance on which it is based, and should suggest appropriate comparison points.F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 4

Creative and challenging work and job autonomy satisfy ___ needs.

Accepted Answer

A)   physiological
B)   esteem
C)   self-actualization
D)   social
E)   safetyF) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 5

Which of the following is true about valence?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is sometimes called performance-outcome expectancy.
B)   It is the desire to establish good relations with co-workers.
C)   It refers to a person's belief that working hard will result in a desired level of task performance being achieved.
D)   It indicates that successful performance will be followed by rewards.
E)   It is the value a person assigns to the possible rewards and other work-related outcomes.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 6

The potential effects of work sharing include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Employers can retain trained and loyal workers when forced to temporarily economize by reducing labour costs.
B)   Employees whose seniority would protect them from layoffs have the disadvantage of lost earnings.
C)   Employees who otherwise would be laid off will have continued work - though with reduced earnings.
D)   b and c
E)   a, b, and cF) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

Alderfer's ERG theory has three need categories: existence needs, relatedness needs, and growth needs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The workers who are employed on a part-time and temporary basis to supplement the regular workforce are called ___.

Accepted Answer

A)   overtime workers
B)   permatemps
C)   flextime workers
D)   virtual workers
E)   contingency workersF) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 9

The job design approach that involves standardizing work procedures so that people work in well-defined and highly specialized tasks is known as job simplification.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A basic premise of reinforcement theory states: behaviour that results in pleasant outcomes is likely to be repeated, and behaviour that results in unpleasant outcomes is not likely to be repeated. This premise is known as the ___.

Accepted Answer

A)   outcome likelihood estimator
B)   law of effect
C)   reinforcement imperative
D)   behavioural results rule
E)   behavioural consequences paradigmF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 11

The more you work at a task, the more your experience builds and the more confident you become at doing it. This is a self-efficacy enhancement method called

Accepted Answer

A)   practicality.
B)   enactive mastery.
C)   vicarious modelling.
D)   feedback.
E)   repetition.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 12

___ provide direction to people in their work, clarify performance expectations, establish a frame of reference for feedback, and provide a foundation for behavioural self-management.

Accepted Answer

A)   Expectancies
B)   Instrumentalities
C)   Task goals
D)   Equity comparisons
E)   ReinforcersF) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 13

According to McClelland's acquired needs theory, achievement, power, and affiliation needs are acquired over time as a result of individual life experiences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Esteem needs are satisfied by ___.

Accepted Answer

A)   promotion to higher status job
B)   having a pleasant supervisor
C)   adequate compensation and benefits
D)   participation in decision making
E)   safe working conditionsF) None of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 15

People who feel overpaid may attempt to restore equity by doing all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)   increasing the quantity of work.
B)   increasing the quality of work.
C)   transferring to another job.
D)   taking on more difficult assignments.
E)   working overtime.F) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 16

In the two-factor theory of motivation, a satisfier factor is found in job context, such as working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Reinforcement theory considers environmental consequences to be the most important factor that influences human behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The most common form of flexible working hours is a "4-40" schedule -- that is, 40 hours of work accomplished in four 10-hour days.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Ruth works at a car assembling plant. The plant uses a lot of machines to complete most of the work. As a result, Ruth's work is highly standardized. Ruth needs to check the number and mounting of rubber hoses in a vehicle and replace dysfunctional ones. Which of the following does this signify?

Accepted Answer

A)   job rotation
B)   job simplification
C)   job loading
D)   job enlargement
E)   job enrichmentF) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 20

Flexible working hours usually result in a positive attitude toward the organization and higher job performance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 16: Motivation Theory and Practice

___ provide direction to people in their work, clarify performance expectations, establish a frame of reference for feedback, and provide a foundation for behavioural self-management.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People who feel overpaid may attempt to restore equity by doing all of the following except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A basic premise of reinforcement theory states: behaviour that results in pleasant outcomes is likely to be repeated, and behaviour that results in unpleasant outcomes is not likely to be repeated. This premise is known as the ___.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The workers who are employed on a part-time and temporary basis to supplement the regular workforce are called ___.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The potential effects of work sharing include which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following descriptions of the need for power is not accurate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to McClelland's acquired needs theory, achievement, power, and affiliation needs are acquired over time as a result of individual life experiences.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The job design approach that involves standardizing work procedures so that people work in well-defined and highly specialized tasks is known as job simplification.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Flexible working hours usually result in a positive attitude toward the organization and higher job performance.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reinforcement theory considers environmental consequences to be the most important factor that influences human behaviour.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most common form of flexible working hours is a "4-40" schedule -- that is, 40 hours of work accomplished in four 10-hour days.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Esteem needs are satisfied by ___.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true about valence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alderfer's ERG theory has three need categories: existence needs, relatedness needs, and growth needs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The more you work at a task, the more your experience builds and the more confident you become at doing it. This is a self-efficacy enhancement method called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Vroom's theory of motivation, if a person believes that he or she can achieve the performance level necessary to get promoted, the person is said to have ___.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ruth works at a car assembling plant. The plant uses a lot of machines to complete most of the work. As a result, Ruth's work is highly standardized. Ruth needs to check the number and mounting of rubber hoses in a vehicle and replace dysfunctional ones. Which of the following does this signify?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the two-factor theory of motivation, a satisfier factor is found in job context, such as working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Creative and challenging work and job autonomy satisfy ___ needs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement about the equity theory of motivation is inaccurate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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