Question 1

The countercurrent mechanism in the nephron

Accepted Answer

A)  creates a highly concentrated interstitial fluid so that urine can be concentrated by the collecting ducts when they are permeable to water.
B)  is a method to move sodium to control its concentration.
C)  keeps the volume of water lost in the urine relatively constant.
D)  keeps interstitial fluid hydrated to maintain blood pressure.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

The glomerular filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule is isotonic to the plasma of the peritubular capillary.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following is correct concerning the location of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  The right kidney is usually higher than the left one.
B)  They are located behind the parietal peritoneum.
C)  Their upper borders are about at the level of the third lumbar vertebra.
D)  They are against the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

A biochemical important in glomerulus formation in the embryo is

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH.
B)  ADP.
C)  renin.
D)  VEGF.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 5

Inulin and para-aminohippuric acid (PAH)can be used to determine glomerular filtration rate and the rate of blood flow through the kidneys,respectively.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Most hydrogen ions are secreted

Accepted Answer

A)  passively into the proximal convoluted tubule.
B)  passively from the distal convoluted tubule.
C)  actively into the entire renal tubule.
D)  actively from the distal convoluted tubule.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 7

The layers of a ureter are

Accepted Answer

A)  outer fibrous coat,middle muscular coat,inner mucous coat.
B)  inner fibrous coat,middle muscular coat,outer mucous coat.
C)  inner muscular coat,middle fibrous coat,outer inner mucous coat.
D)  inner vascular coat,middle neural coat,outer mucous coat.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

Hemodialysis involves

Accepted Answer

A)  an artificial kidney.
B)  an artificial liver.
C)  a kidney transplant.
D)  a bone marrow transplant.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

At the renal plasma threshold

Accepted Answer

A)  more glucose is in the filtrate than active transport can handle.
B)  blood volume is so great that nephrons cannot keep up.
C)  the urine has too little glucose.
D)  more glucose is in the blood,limiting the amount of glucose that can be reabsorbeD.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above A

Question 10

The story of Balkan endemic nephropathy indicated that

Accepted Answer

A)  a toxin in food can damage kidneys and cause cancer in the urinary tract.
B)  kidney disease only affects people in Croatia.
C)  drinking too much alcohol can strain the kidneys.
D)  a terrorist can poison peoples' urinary systems by putting bacteria in the water supply.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Conscious control of micturition inhibits the micturition reflex by using nerve centers in the

Accepted Answer

A)  medulla oblongatA.
B)  spinal cord.
C)  brainstem and cerebral cortex.
D)  pons and hypothalamus.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C) C

Question 12

When sodium ions are reabsorbed through the wall of the renal tubule by active transport,chloride ions are

Accepted Answer

A)  reabsorbed by active transport.
B)  reabsorbed by passive transport.
C)  secreted by active transport.
D)  secreted by passive transport.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

When the concentration of water in body fluids increases,the secretion of ADH increases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

ADH increases reabsorption of water from urine into blood by increasing the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Glomerular filtration produces about ________ liters of fluid in twenty-four hours.

Accepted Answer

A)  40
B)  96
C)  144
D)  180E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

When plasma glucose concentration exceeds the renal plasma threshold,

Accepted Answer

A)  the glomerular filtration rate increases.
B)  the volume of urine decreases.
C)  glucose is secreted into the peritubular capillary.
D)  glucose appears in the urine.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Which of the following does not occur with aging of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased GFR.
B)  renal tubules become encased in fat.
C)  fibrous connective tissue accumulates around the kidney capsule.
D)  nephrons invert.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

If a ureter is obstructed,a _____ reflex reduces urine production in the kidney on the affected side.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a ureter is obstructed,a _____ reflex...

Question 19

The ureter extends downward

Accepted Answer

A)  behind the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from above.
B)  behind the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from below.
C)  in front of the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from above.
D)  in front of the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from below.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

The relative concentration of potassium is

Accepted Answer

A)  higher in urine than plasma or glomerular filtrate.
B)  higher in plasma and glomerular filtrate than in urine.
C)  about equal in plasma,glomerular filtrate,and urine.
D)  lower in urine than plasma or glomerular filtrate.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B) A

Exam 20: Urinary System

The countercurrent mechanism in the nephron

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The glomerular filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule is isotonic to the plasma of the peritubular capillary.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is correct concerning the location of the kidneys?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A biochemical important in glomerulus formation in the embryo is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Inulin and para-aminohippuric acid (PAH)can be used to determine glomerular filtration rate and the rate of blood flow through the kidneys,respectively.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most hydrogen ions are secreted

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The layers of a ureter are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hemodialysis involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At the renal plasma threshold

Correct AnswerverifiedA

The story of Balkan endemic nephropathy indicated that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Conscious control of micturition inhibits the micturition reflex by using nerve centers in the

Correct AnswerverifiedC

When sodium ions are reabsorbed through the wall of the renal tubule by active transport,chloride ions are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the concentration of water in body fluids increases,the secretion of ADH increases.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

ADH increases reabsorption of water from urine into blood by increasing the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glomerular filtration produces about ________ liters of fluid in twenty-four hours.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When plasma glucose concentration exceeds the renal plasma threshold,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following does not occur with aging of the urinary system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a ureter is obstructed,a _____ reflex reduces urine production in the kidney on the affected side.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ureter extends downward

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The relative concentration of potassium is

Correct AnswerverifiedA

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C

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A