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Exam 5: Foundations of Employee Motivation

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Question 21

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A low instrumentality means that:

A) The person does not value the outcomes
B) The person does not believe putting forth effort will result in gaining a reward
C) The person does not feel confident in his/her ability to do the job
D) The person is not motivated
E) The person is highly motivated

F) None of the above
G) All of the above

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Question 22

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The theory of motivation that focuses on two sharply contrasting sets of assumptions about human nature is:

A) Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation
B) Theory X and Theory Y
C) Maslow's need hierarchy
D) Herzberg's motivator-hygiene
E) Acquired needs

F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

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Question 23

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Job crafting is driven by employees, not managers.

People who have a high need for affiliation tend to avoid conflict.

What are "i-deals"? Explain why this is an important new direction for management research.

Motivation refers to psychological processes that underlie the direction, intensity, and persistence of behavior or thought.

Describe McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. How is this approach useful for managers?

The two general categories of motivation theories are intrinsic and extrinsic.

Motivation comes from both person and environmental factors.

Managers should motivate their subordinates by telling them to "do your best."

A manager can apply expectancy theory by setting goals and giving feedback.

Participation by subordinates in determining how to achieve the goal is essential for the goal-setting process to work effectively.

Needs are psychological or physiological deficiencies that arouse behavior.

The goal of the job characteristics model is to:

Content theories of motivation revolve around the notion that an employee's needs influence motivation.

Carol is a recent high-school graduate with an excellent grade point average. After much thought, she has decided that she wants to pursue a graduate degree in physics after she finishes her undergraduate degree and eventually become a professor. To attain this goal, she realizes that she must first study hard and do well in her undergraduate classes, then take the graduate entrance exam and apply to the best graduate programs in her field. Along the way, she wants to obtain an internship, as this will help her get into a quality graduate program. Which motivational mechanism of the goal-setting process does this scenario demonstrate?

The "acquired needs" identified by McClelland include the need for achievement, the need for affiliation, and the need for esteem.

Direction pertains to the amount of effort being invested in an activity.

Of the following, which is the most closely aligned with employees' perceptions of procedural justice?

______ refers to amount of effort that we invest in an activity.