Question 1

Skinner suggested that children learn how to construct grammatical sentences as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)   trial and error.
B)   receiving specific instruction from adults on grammatical rules.
C)   imitating the sentences of adults and older children.
D)   the functioning of the language acquisition device (LA
D)  .E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 2

Confirmation bias refers to our tendency to overestimate the likelihood of dramatic events.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

According to Pinker and Bloom (1992) ,if the acquisition of language produced a 1% difference in mortality rates among overlapping Neanderthal and human populations,Neanderthals would have become extinct in

Accepted Answer

A)   10 generations.
B)   30 generations.
C)   4000 generations.
D)   30,000 generations.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 4

You have a pair of pliers and a bag of nuts in the shell.You are lamenting the fact that you can't shell the nuts because you do not have a nutcracker.Your inability to perceive the pliers as a makeshift nutcracker demonstrates ____ on your part.

Accepted Answer

A)   functional fixedness
B)   mental set
C)   insight insufficiency
D)   heuristic reasoningE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 5

When people rely on the recognition heuristic,they infer that alternatives that are recognized have a higher value than alternatives that are not recognized.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

You can't think of a single instance when Cathy helped you out,and so you decide that Cathy must be an ungenerous person.Your judgment is based on

Accepted Answer

A)   subjective utility.
B)   the representativeness heuristic.
C)   the availability heuristic.
D)   expected value.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

During the first half of the 20th century,the study of cognition was discouraged because

Accepted Answer

A)   earlier studies using the method of introspection had yielded unreliable results.
B)   of the theoretical dominance of psychodynamic theories.
C)   cognition was not considered to be a psychological function.
D)   language acquisition was viewed as an innate process that could not be studied empirically.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 8

Phonemes are the smallest units of ____ in a spoken language; morphemes are the smallest units of ____ in a language.

Accepted Answer

A)   sound; meaning
B)   sound; syntax
C)   meaning; sound
D)   meaning; syntaxE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

The linguistic relativity hypothesis is most consistent with the unifying theme in psychology that

Accepted Answer

A)   heredity and environment jointly influence behavior.
B)   behavior is shaped by cultural heritage.
C)   people's experience of the world is highly subjective.
D)   psychology is empirical.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

The tendency to keep using the same strategy over and over again when trying to solve a problem is known as functional fixedness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

According to Simon's theory of bounded rationality,people tend to use

Accepted Answer

A)   simple strategies in decision making that focus on only a few facets of available options and often result in irrational decisions that are less than optimal.
B)   complex strategies in decision making that focus on multiple facets of available options and often result in irrational decisions that are less than optimal.
C)   simple strategies in decision making that focus on multiple facets of available options and often result in rational decisions that are optimal.
D)   complex strategies in decision making that do not focus clearly on enough facets of available options and often result in rational decisions that are less than optimal.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

Noam Chomsky contended that

Accepted Answer

A)   language is almost wholly a matter of social learning.
B)   biological factors play a relatively minor role in language development.
C)   there is an inborn biological propensity that guides language learning.
D)   reinforcement is the main factor in language learning.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

Joan was placed in charge of planning her sorority's spring formal dance.If she thought she should hire the same band that played at last year's dance because of how much everyone enjoyed the band,Joan could be considered to be encountering the ____ barrier to effective problem-solving.

Accepted Answer

A)   mental set
B)   unnecessary constraints
C)   irrelevant information
D)   functional fixednessE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Critics of the research with Washoe and other chimps that were taught ASL focused on whether

Accepted Answer

A)   the chimps were able to generate phonemes required for true language.
B)   the chimps had truly acquired the rules of language.
C)   the chimps were able to understand the semantics or the meanings of the words they were producing.
D)   ASL could be considered a true language.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 15

Marisa is trying to decide between two computers that are advertised at the same price.Both computers are the same in most respects; however,computer A has a 2.5 GHz processor and 2 G of RAM,while computer B has a slower 2.0 GHz processor but 4 G of RAM.Because Marisa thinks that the speed of the processor matters more than the amount of RAM,she decides to buy computer A.In this case,Marisa has made her decision using

Accepted Answer

A)   elimination by aspects.
B)   a weighted decision strategy.
C)   an analytic decision strategy.
D)   the representativeness heuristic.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Brett is trying to decide which graduate schools he will apply to.He is making up a list of all the positive and negative aspects he feels are associated with 100 different schools,and he plans to send applications to the 10 schools that score the highest when he adds up all the positive points and subtracts all the negative points.The decision strategy that Brett is using is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   a purely additive strategy.
B)   elimination by aspects.
C)   a holistic strategy.
D)   an expected value strategy.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

The representativeness heuristic refers to our tendency to

Accepted Answer

A)   ignore subjective probabilities when making decisions.
B)   estimate the probability of an event by judging the ease with which relevant instances come to mind.
C)   estimate the probability of an event based on how similar it is to the typical prototype of that event.
D)   ignore common stereotypes when estimating probabilities.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 18

A toddler's vocabulary grows rapidly between 18-24 months,as children engage in ____________________,or mapping a word onto an underlying concept after only one exposure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A toddler's vocabulary grows rapidly between 18-24...

Question 19

Jenna is 14 months old and uses only "bottle,no,up,bye-bye,mama,and dada" when she talks.However,when the family is on their way to visit Jenna's grandmother,and her father tells Jenna to get her blue bunny from the bedroom and bring it with her,Jenna quickly runs to get the bunny.This episode demonstrates that

Accepted Answer

A)   toddlers' receptive vocabularies are larger than their productive vocabularies.
B)   toddlers' productive vocabularies are larger than their receptive vocabularies.
C)   infants have difficulty pronouncing phonemes they have never heard.
D)   Jenna is able to overextend her current vocabulary.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

In language development,babbling refers to producing

Accepted Answer

A)   different cries to signify different kinds of discomfort.
B)   a wide variety of phonemes and consonant-vowel combinations.
C)   sound by placing the tongue near the back of the mouth.
D)   random combinations of words.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Exam 8: Language and Thought

Noam Chomsky contended that

Correct Answer
verified

You have a pair of pliers and a bag of nuts in the shell.You are lamenting the fact that you can't shell the nuts because you do not have a nutcracker.Your inability to perceive the pliers as a makeshift nutcracker demonstrates ____ on your part.

Correct Answer
verified

The linguistic relativity hypothesis is most consistent with the unifying theme in psychology that

Correct Answer
verified

Critics of the research with Washoe and other chimps that were taught ASL focused on whether

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Skinner suggested that children learn how to construct grammatical sentences as a result of

Correct Answer
verified

When people rely on the recognition heuristic,they infer that alternatives that are recognized have a higher value than alternatives that are not recognized.

Correct Answer
verified

In language development,babbling refers to producing

Correct Answer
verified

Joan was placed in charge of planning her sorority's spring formal dance.If she thought she should hire the same band that played at last year's dance because of how much everyone enjoyed the band,Joan could be considered to be encountering the ____ barrier to effective problem-solving.

Correct Answer
verified

According to Simon's theory of bounded rationality,people tend to use

Correct Answer
verified

The representativeness heuristic refers to our tendency to

Correct Answer
verified

A toddler's vocabulary grows rapidly between 18-24 months,as children engage in ____________________,or mapping a word onto an underlying concept after only one exposure.

Correct Answer
verified

During the first half of the 20th century,the study of cognition was discouraged because

Correct Answer
verified

You can't think of a single instance when Cathy helped you out,and so you decide that Cathy must be an ungenerous person.Your judgment is based on

Correct Answer
verified

The tendency to keep using the same strategy over and over again when trying to solve a problem is known as functional fixedness.

Correct Answer
verified

Confirmation bias refers to our tendency to overestimate the likelihood of dramatic events.

Correct Answer
verified

Phonemes are the smallest units of in a spoken language; morphemes are the smallest units of in a language.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

According to Pinker and Bloom (1992) ,if the acquisition of language produced a 1% difference in mortality rates among overlapping Neanderthal and human populations,Neanderthals would have become extinct in

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 8: Language and Thought

Noam Chomsky contended that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You have a pair of pliers and a bag of nuts in the shell.You are lamenting the fact that you can't shell the nuts because you do not have a nutcracker.Your inability to perceive the pliers as a makeshift nutcracker demonstrates ____ on your part.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The linguistic relativity hypothesis is most consistent with the unifying theme in psychology that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Critics of the research with Washoe and other chimps that were taught ASL focused on whether

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Skinner suggested that children learn how to construct grammatical sentences as a result of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When people rely on the recognition heuristic,they infer that alternatives that are recognized have a higher value than alternatives that are not recognized.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In language development,babbling refers to producing

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Joan was placed in charge of planning her sorority's spring formal dance.If she thought she should hire the same band that played at last year's dance because of how much everyone enjoyed the band,Joan could be considered to be encountering the ____ barrier to effective problem-solving.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Simon's theory of bounded rationality,people tend to use

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The representativeness heuristic refers to our tendency to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A toddler's vocabulary grows rapidly between 18-24 months,as children engage in ____________________,or mapping a word onto an underlying concept after only one exposure.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During the first half of the 20th century,the study of cognition was discouraged because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You can't think of a single instance when Cathy helped you out,and so you decide that Cathy must be an ungenerous person.Your judgment is based on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tendency to keep using the same strategy over and over again when trying to solve a problem is known as functional fixedness.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Confirmation bias refers to our tendency to overestimate the likelihood of dramatic events.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Phonemes are the smallest units of ____ in a spoken language; morphemes are the smallest units of ____ in a language.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Pinker and Bloom (1992) ,if the acquisition of language produced a 1% difference in mortality rates among overlapping Neanderthal and human populations,Neanderthals would have become extinct in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Phonemes are the smallest units of in a spoken language; morphemes are the smallest units of in a language.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified