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Exam 26: Hormones and the Endocrine System

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Question 31

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Which gland exerts primary control over the concentration of sugar in the blood?

A) liver
B) pineal
C) pancreas
D) parathyroid

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Question 32

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After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow. Oxytocin is a hormone produced by the posterior pituitary gland that causes female uterine muscles to contract during childbirth and female mammary glands to eject milk during nursing. Oxytocin also occurs naturally in males and is involved in movement of sperm and production of testosterone. It has been given the common name of "the love hormone" because oxytocin is linked to human behaviors including sexual arousal and trust. In 2012, The Atlantic (a popular news source) published a brief online news summary that explained that when scientists in Germany gave men who were in a monogamous relationship with a woman a nasal spray containing oxytocin, the men were less attracted to an attractive female stranger than men who were given a nasal spray with no oxytocin. While The Atlantic provided a link to the original scientific study, they drew conclusions and stated implications of it that included the following: 1. In men, oxytocin promotes monogamous relationships because it keeps them from communicating with women who are attractive to them. 2. If a man is unable to obtain a nasal spray with oxytocin, there are other means by which oxytocin release can be stimulated during a monogamous relationship: sexual intercourse, hand-holding, and touching. -In addition to biological reasons, what other implications does the role of oxytocin have?

A) Oxytocin can decrease the amount of time it takes for a female to give birth.
B) Oxytocin can decrease the chance that women in monogamous relationships will be attracted to men other than their mate.
C) Oxytocin can affect human social behaviors.
D) Oxytocin can weaken the bond that men and women share in a relationship.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Question 33

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Which of the following is an endocrine gland that raises blood calcium levels?

Which of the following is associated with obesity and occurs because cells of the body fail to respond adequately to insulin?

After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow. Recent studies suggest that flame retardants, chemicals that are used for slow burning, can mimic estrogen hormones found in the human body. The scientists investigating this phenomenon developed three-dimensional images to show how the chemical structure of certain flame retardants allows the retardants to bind to and inhibit an enzyme (estrogen sulfotransferase) that metabolizes estrogen. Suppose the scientists want to conduct a study of the effects of flame retardants on estrogen levels. In a hypothetical study, the scientists use frogs to test the effects of flame retardants because the frogs' skin is highly permeable and therefore allows for easy absorption of chemicals. The scientists collected 20 wild adult frogs and brought them to a laboratory. Ten of the frogs (group 1: five male and five female) were kept in tanks mimicking their natural environment. The other ten frogs (group 2: five male, five female) were kept in tanks identical to those of group 1 but were introduced to low amounts of flame retardants in the shallow water in their tank. Estrogen levels were measured on the first day of the experiment and then every 4 days for 20 days. -Flame retardants are an example of

High levels of which of the following hormones can suppress the body's immune system?

Feeling tired after a long day of work, you walk across a parking lot at night to get to your car. As you approach the car you see a shadow extending behind the back of the car. You immediately feel a rush of energy, your heart starts pounding, and you feel wide awake and alert. You slowly circle around to the back of the car and see that the shadow is coming from a parking lot sign above your car. You breathe a sigh of relief and start to calm down. You think about how you just felt in that scary situation and realize that you had the same reaction when you were called on in class to answer a question in front of everyone. Your teacher used that exercise to describe that the hormone ________ can be produced in fearful situations by ________.

Which step in this figure portraying lipid-soluble hormone action shows transcription in response to the bound hormone-receptor complex?

Steroid hormones are lipids made from

Prednisone is a synthetic version of what natural hormone that is often prescribed to individuals who are suffering from redness and swelling due to allergies?

After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow. Oxytocin is a hormone produced by the posterior pituitary gland that causes female uterine muscles to contract during childbirth and female mammary glands to eject milk during nursing. Oxytocin also occurs naturally in males and is involved in movement of sperm and production of testosterone. It has been given the common name of "the love hormone" because oxytocin is linked to human behaviors including sexual arousal and trust. In 2012, The Atlantic (a popular news source) published a brief online news summary that explained that when scientists in Germany gave men who were in a monogamous relationship with a woman a nasal spray containing oxytocin, the men were less attracted to an attractive female stranger than men who were given a nasal spray with no oxytocin. While The Atlantic provided a link to the original scientific study, they drew conclusions and stated implications of it that included the following: 1. In men, oxytocin promotes monogamous relationships because it keeps them from communicating with women who are attractive to them. 2. If a man is unable to obtain a nasal spray with oxytocin, there are other means by which oxytocin release can be stimulated during a monogamous relationship: sexual intercourse, hand-holding, and touching. -Biologically, why might oxytocin have the nickname "the love hormone?"

Which of the following act(s) mainly to regulate salt and water balance?

After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow. Oxytocin is a hormone produced by the posterior pituitary gland that causes female uterine muscles to contract during childbirth and female mammary glands to eject milk during nursing. Oxytocin also occurs naturally in males and is involved in movement of sperm and production of testosterone. It has been given the common name of "the love hormone" because oxytocin is linked to human behaviors including sexual arousal and trust. In 2012, The Atlantic (a popular news source) published a brief online news summary that explained that when scientists in Germany gave men who were in a monogamous relationship with a woman a nasal spray containing oxytocin, the men were less attracted to an attractive female stranger than men who were given a nasal spray with no oxytocin. While The Atlantic provided a link to the original scientific study, they drew conclusions and stated implications of it that included the following: 1. In men, oxytocin promotes monogamous relationships because it keeps them from communicating with women who are attractive to them. 2. If a man is unable to obtain a nasal spray with oxytocin, there are other means by which oxytocin release can be stimulated during a monogamous relationship: sexual intercourse, hand-holding, and touching. -What is the main evidence that you would use to decide whether the conclusions and implications that The Atlantic published were valid?

Which of the following hormones affects the greatest variety of cell types?

Which of the following is one of the three major categories of sex hormones?

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship of insulin to glucagon?

Which of the following hormones causes glucose release and, consequently, a rise in the concentration of sugar in the blood?

Glucocorticoids help reduce inflammation, but they can also cause liver cells to produce extra sugar. This could lead to high blood sugar levels and bring about steroid-produced ________.

What is the metabolic abnormality that underlies the characteristic symptoms of diabetes mellitus?

A mutation in the gene for hormone A causes it to be unable to bind to its receptor protein. What do you predict will happen?