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Factors other than price affect demand. What are they and how do they work?

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Price is not the complete story in estim...

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Price elasticity of demand is expressed as


A) E = Percentage change in price ÷ Percentage change in quantity demanded.
B) E = Price ÷ Quantity demanded.
C) E = Percentage change in quantity demanded ÷ Percentage change in price.
D) E = Quantity demanded ÷ Price.
E) E = Quantity demanded × Price.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Rent, executive salaries, and insurance are typical examples of


A) variable costs.
B) fixed costs.
C) unit costs.
D) marginal costs.
E) total costs.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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The quantity at which total revenue and total cost are equal is referred to as


A) the tipping point.
B) the profitability point.
C) incremental return on investment.
D) the break-even point.
E) sustainability.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

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To increase value the most, marketers should


A) decrease benefits.
B) decrease benefits and increase price.
C) decrease price and increase benefits.
D) decrease price and decrease benefits.
E) hold the price steady and let the perceived value of the item increase as it matures in its life cycle.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

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The practice of exchanging products and services for other products and services rather than for money is referred to as


A) barter.
B) reciprocal pricing.
C) virtual pricing.
D) balance of payments.
E) value pricing.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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There are four major cereal brands-Kellogg's, Quaker, General Mills, and Post-that seem to occupy most of the shelf space in a typical grocery store. These cereals are all priced about the same. There is a good deal of product differentiation, from characters to different health claims. The cereal industry is an example of what type of competitive market?


A) a pure monopoly
B) monopolistic competition
C) pure competition
D) monopolistic oligopoly
E) an oligopoly

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Which statement would most likely be spoken while determining cost, volume, and profit relationships in the price-setting process?


A) "In order to break even, we will need to sell at least 500,000 units."
B) "We have to try to achieve an 8 percent profit share."
C) "The starting price should be $4.99 and we can raise the price again in six months."
D) "But, if we increase the price even by $1, how many customers will we lose?"
E) "We should probably price the extra-large version somewhere between $600 and $650."

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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A major grocery chain pays its baggers a regular hourly wage. The baggers not only pack the groceries, but they also will take customers' groceries to their car, regardless of the weather. The baggers are not permitted to accept tips, even if they are offered. The consumer will experience this as


A) pricing enhancement.
B) societal pricing.
C) revenue sharing.
D) value pricing.
E) cost-plus pricing.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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The executive vice president of Washburn Guitars has set a sales target of 2,000 units for a new line of guitars. This type of objective is a ________ pricing objective.


A) profit
B) target return
C) unit volume
D) market share
E) survival

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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The total expense incurred by a firm in producing and marketing a product, which equals the sum of fixed cost and variable cost, is referred to as


A) overhead cost.
B) total cost.
C) unit cost.
D) average cost.
E) marginal cost.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Dozens of regional, private brands of peanut butter compete with national brands like Skippy and Jif. This industry is an example of


A) pure monopoly.
B) oligopoly.
C) monopolistic competition.
D) bilateral monopoly.
E) monopolistic oligopoly.

F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

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Unit volume as a pricing objective refers to


A) the quantity of products to be produced or sold.
B) the ratio of price per unit to unit variable cost.
C) the ratio of production costs to the minimum sales price that would still generate profit.
D) the total quantity of product sold by a firm relative to the total quantity of product sold by all firms in the industry.
E) variable cost expressed on a per unit basis for a product.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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List four key factors used to estimate demand.

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Of course, price is one factor. Economis...

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What is the difference between a movement along a demand curve and a shift of a demand curve?

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A movement along a demand curve assumes ...

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Which of these illustrates movement along the demand curve?


A) Demand increases due to a drop in price.
B) Demand increases due to a competitor leaving the market.
C) Demand increases due to consumer tastes changing.
D) Demand increases due to a competitor increasing its prices.
E) Demand increases due to an increase in consumer incomes.

F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

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  Figure 13-4A -Figure 13-4A above shows that when the price for Red Baron frozen cheese pizzas moves from $8 to $6 per unit along the demand curve D1, the profit A)  increases from 6 to 8 million units per year. B)  decreases from 8 to 6 million units per year. C)  stays the same. D)  increases from $2 to $3 per unit. E)  cannot be determined; demand curves do not show a relationship to profit. Figure 13-4A -Figure 13-4A above shows that when the price for Red Baron frozen cheese pizzas moves from $8 to $6 per unit along the demand curve D1, the profit


A) increases from 6 to 8 million units per year.
B) decreases from 8 to 6 million units per year.
C) stays the same.
D) increases from $2 to $3 per unit.
E) cannot be determined; demand curves do not show a relationship to profit.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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