Question 1

The lumbar puncture was especially uncomfortable for the patient. What step listed below is most important to be taken to ensure the procedure does not need to be repeated?

Accepted Answer

A)   The specimens must be properly labeled.
B)   The specimens must be properly obtained and stored.
C)   The specimens must be collected in sufficient amounts.
D)   The specimens must be properly transported.
E)   All of the choices are equally important.F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 2

The three main techniques for identifying microbes are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   phenotypic, immunologic, and genotypic
B)   microscopic, macroscopic, and biochemical
C)   PCR, electrophoresis, and biochemical
D)   DNA, RNA, and antibodiesE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

Serological testing relies upon ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the specificity of the Fc region of antibodies
B)   the specificity of the variable regions of antibodies
C)   a patient who is not immunocompromised
D)   very high viral or bacterial load in the patient
E)   None of the choices are correct.F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 4

A protein fingerprint of a patient's blood sample can be created by adding the sample to a metal plate and striking it with a laser. This causes the sample to become ionized and the ions from the sample are guided into a machine that separates them and identifies them according to their mass-to-charge ratio. This process describes ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   MALDI-TOF
B)   "lab on a chip"
C)   PFGE
D)   PCR
E)   FISHF) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 5

If a phenotypic analysis requires culturing the organism before testing can begin, this is problematic for two reasons; i) rapid diagnosis may be critical and culturing can take up to 24 hours, and ii) a successful in vitro culturing method for a specific pathogen may not be feasible.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The patient's respiratory PCR results are reported as "insufficient cells available for testing." Which of the following statements by the student nurse indicates proper understanding of the findings?

Accepted Answer

A)   The patient is free of infection since insufficient cells could be isolated.
B)   A smaller sample must be sent, since the irrigation solution volume diluted the cells.
C)   This is a very specific and sensitive finding that points to a viral infection.
D)   The sample was inadequate, and the nasopharyngeal specimen collection must be repeated.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Horseradish peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase are enzymes used in ________ tests.

Accepted Answer

A)   Western blot
B)   ELISA
C)   direct fluorescent antibody
D)   indirect fluorescent antibody
E)   None of the choices are correct.F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 8

What kind of data will the PCR results provide?

Accepted Answer

A)   Biochemical characteristics
B)   Immunologic information
C)   Genotypic information
D)   Microscopic morphologyE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 9

An ELISA test sent for HIV screening came back with a positive result. The nurse educates the patient that this test is highly sensitive with low specificity. Which of the following statements by the patient demonstrates understanding of this teaching?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is possible that this is a false-positive result since the test may have been positive for something other than HIV.
B)   It is unlikely that this is a false-positive result since the test is so specific it does not miss a positive result.
C)   It is possible that this is a false-positive result since low specificity means the tests are less accurate.
D)   It is unlikely that this is a false-positive result since it is highly sensitive.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 10

Titer is the amount of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   antigen in serum
B)   antibody in serum
C)   WBC in serum
D)   complement in serum
E)   memory cells in serumF) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

Which of the following can be determined from phenotypic assessment of the nasopharyngeal sample?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cellular shape, size, and arrangement
B)   The organism's DNA
C)   The presence of antibodies
D)   The organism's RNAE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 12

It is necessary to do lab tests to diagnose all diseases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Precipitation tests involve all of the following except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   they rely on formation of visible clumps for detection
B)   they include the VDRL test for syphilis
C)   they are often performed in agar gels
D)   they can be done in a test tube by carefully adding antiserum over antigen solution
E)   a cloudy or opaque zone developing where antigen and antibody reactF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 14

The benefit of "lab on a chip" technology over standard microarrays is that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   lab on a chip technology has miniaturized testing to carry out analyses using minute amounts of reagents, whereas microarrays still require larger volumes of reagents in comparison
B)   lab on a chip technology requires little technical training compared to analyses using microarrays
C)   lab on a chip technology is invaluable for developing countries, where the reagents, refrigeration and trained personnel required for microarrays are limited
D)   All of the choices are benefits of "lab on a chip" technology.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 15

The property of a test to detect even small amounts of antibodies or antigens that are test targets is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   cross reaction
B)   agglutination
C)   precipitation.
D)   specificity
E)   sensitivityF) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 16

Phenotypic methods of identifying microorganisms in a patient sample are characterized as those that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   directly examine the organism's appearance or behavior, which includes its metabolic abilities, environmental preferences and drug susceptibilities
B)   analyze the genetic makeup of the microorganism, which conclusively diagnoses the infection
C)   make use of the patient's antibodies to precipitate the microorganism out of solution, or agglutinate the antigens in the sample
D)   make use of color-changing antibodies directed against the microbe that will become visible to the naked eye when boundE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

A serum titer involves ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   serially diluting a serum sample
B)   determining the lowest dilution of serum that produces a visible reaction
C)   determining the highest dilution of serum that produces a visible reaction
D)   the Western blot method
E)   None of the choices are correct.F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 18

Serological testing can be used to test each of the following except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   blood serum
B)   cerebrospinal fluid
C)   urine
D)   saliva
E)   skinF) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 19

Which of the following is not a genotypic method of identification?

Accepted Answer

A)   rRNA sequencing
B)   PCR
C)   Biosensor
D)   Direct antigen testing
E)   DNA analysis with probesF) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 20

Which of the following is not a phenotypic method of identification?

Accepted Answer

A)   Morphology
B)   Gram stain reaction
C)   Acid-fast reaction
D)   Antibody response
E)   EndosporesF) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Exam 15: Diagnosing Infections

Which of the following is not a phenotypic method of identification?

Correct Answer
verified

Serological testing relies upon ________.

Correct Answer
verified

An ELISA test sent for HIV screening came back with a positive result. The nurse educates the patient that this test is highly sensitive with low specificity. Which of the following statements by the patient demonstrates understanding of this teaching?

Correct Answer
verified

Horseradish peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase are enzymes used in ________ tests.

Correct Answer
verified

What kind of data will the PCR results provide?

Correct Answer
verified

The three main techniques for identifying microbes are ________.

Correct Answer
verified

If a phenotypic analysis requires culturing the organism before testing can begin, this is problematic for two reasons; i) rapid diagnosis may be critical and culturing can take up to 24 hours, and ii) a successful in vitro culturing method for a specific pathogen may not be feasible.

Correct Answer
verified

Phenotypic methods of identifying microorganisms in a patient sample are characterized as those that ________.

Correct Answer
verified

The property of a test to detect even small amounts of antibodies or antigens that are test targets is ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following can be determined from phenotypic assessment of the nasopharyngeal sample?

Correct Answer
verified

The benefit of "lab on a chip" technology over standard microarrays is that ________.

Correct Answer
verified

It is necessary to do lab tests to diagnose all diseases.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Titer is the amount of ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Precipitation tests involve all of the following except ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not a genotypic method of identification?

Correct Answer
verified

A serum titer involves ________.

Correct Answer
verified

The patient's respiratory PCR results are reported as "insufficient cells available for testing." Which of the following statements by the student nurse indicates proper understanding of the findings?

Correct Answer
verified

Serological testing can be used to test each of the following except ________.

Correct Answer
verified

The lumbar puncture was especially uncomfortable for the patient. What step listed below is most important to be taken to ensure the procedure does not need to be repeated?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 15: Diagnosing Infections

Which of the following is not a phenotypic method of identification?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Serological testing relies upon ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An ELISA test sent for HIV screening came back with a positive result. The nurse educates the patient that this test is highly sensitive with low specificity. Which of the following statements by the patient demonstrates understanding of this teaching?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Horseradish peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase are enzymes used in ________ tests.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What kind of data will the PCR results provide?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The three main techniques for identifying microbes are ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a phenotypic analysis requires culturing the organism before testing can begin, this is problematic for two reasons; i) rapid diagnosis may be critical and culturing can take up to 24 hours, and ii) a successful in vitro culturing method for a specific pathogen may not be feasible.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Phenotypic methods of identifying microorganisms in a patient sample are characterized as those that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The property of a test to detect even small amounts of antibodies or antigens that are test targets is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following can be determined from phenotypic assessment of the nasopharyngeal sample?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The benefit of "lab on a chip" technology over standard microarrays is that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is necessary to do lab tests to diagnose all diseases.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Titer is the amount of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Precipitation tests involve all of the following except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a genotypic method of identification?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A serum titer involves ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The patient's respiratory PCR results are reported as "insufficient cells available for testing." Which of the following statements by the student nurse indicates proper understanding of the findings?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Serological testing can be used to test each of the following except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The lumbar puncture was especially uncomfortable for the patient. What step listed below is most important to be taken to ensure the procedure does not need to be repeated?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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