Question 1

What are the main mineral sources of phosphorus?

Accepted Answer

A)   Phosphides
B)   Phosphites
C)   Phosphors
D)   Phosphates
E)   Elemental phosphorusF) C) and D)
G) D) and E) D

Question 2

The process that selectively extracts a metal from its ore, by dissolving it, is called

Accepted Answer

A)   roasting.
B)   leaching.
C)   smelting.
D)   flotation.
E)   hydration.F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 3

Cryolite, Na3AlF6, is used in the electrolysis of aluminum oxide because

Accepted Answer

A)   it is a good source of fluoride ions.
B)   it reduces the energy requirement of the process, due to its low melting point.
C)   it provides a source of fluorine, an oxidizing agent.
D)   it provides a source of sodium, a reducing agent.
E)   it is very soluble in water.F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 4

Electrometallurgy uses _________________ to separate a metal from its ore.

Accepted Answer

A)   solid phase chemical properties
B)   electrical processes
C)   thermal processes
D)   aqueous chemical processes
E)   molten salt processesF) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 5

The most common source for commercial production of sodium is called

Accepted Answer

A)   sodalite.
B)   limestone.
C)   halite.
D)   galena.
E)   pyrite.F) A) and D)
G) A) and B) C

Question 6

The process used to produce silicon with a purity of more than 99.999999% is called

Accepted Answer

A)   zone refining.
B)   electrorefining.
C)   distillation.
D)   sublimation.
E)   alloying.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

The process in which a gaseous substance is converted into a condensed, more usable chemical substance is called

Accepted Answer

A)   differentiation.
B)   liquefaction.
C)   fixation.
D)   deposition.
E)   remediation.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 8

Sulfide ores are frequently treated by flotation in order to concentrate them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In the electrolysis of water, the hydrogen gas evolved at the cathode is enriched in deuterium (hydrogen-2), compared to the more common isotope, protium (hydrogen-1).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The most common source for commercial production of aluminum is called

Accepted Answer

A)   aluminite.
B)   hematite.
C)   galena.
D)   cinnabar.
E)   bauxite.F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 11

The Hall-Heroult process refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   the production of aluminum by electrolysis.
B)   the recovery of sulfur from underground deposits.
C)   the manufacture of sulfuric acid.
D)   the production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases.
E)   the isolation of Al2O3 from bauxite.F) D) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 12

Which of the following general process occurs when a mineral is roasted?

Accepted Answer

A)   metal sulfide is reduced to the metal
B)   metal oxide is reduced to the metal
C)   metal is converted to metal oxide
D)   metal sulfide is converted to metal oxide
E)   metal oxide dissolves in aqueous solutionF) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 13

Nitrogen fixation occurs through atmospheric, industrial, and biological processes. Which of these fixes the most nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

A)   Biological
B)   Atmospheric
C)   Industrial
D)   Industrial ≈ Atmospheric
E)   Industrial ≈ BiologicalF) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 14

Which one of the following species or compounds reacts at the cathode in the Hall-Héroult process?

Accepted Answer

A)   Al2O3
B)   Al(OH) 3
C)   F-
D)   AlF63-
E)   CF) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

Question 15

Hydrogen displays the largest kinetic isotope effect of all the elements.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Plants extract phosphate from the soil

Accepted Answer

A)   by converting it to the dihydrogen phosphate ion by addition of acid to the soil near roots.
B)   by converting it to phosphoric acid.
C)   by osmosis.
D)   by leaching.
E)   by fixation.F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 17

Calcium oxide is added to molten iron in the production of carbon steel in order to

Accepted Answer

A)   convert silicon and phosphorus oxides to slag which can be decanted from the molten steel.
B)   serve as a scrubber to remove sulfur dioxide from the gases leaving the furnace.
C)   remove any traces of acid which could weaken the steel.
D)   add a small amount of oxygen to the steel to prevent corrosion and increase its strength.
E)   create gangue.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 18

The final step of the purification of copper involves electrorefining in which copper is separated from nickel and iron by being reduced at the cathode of a cell. Why are nickel and iron not reduced?

Accepted Answer

A)   Their reduction potentials are more positive than copper's.
B)   Their reduction potentials are more negative than copper's.
C)   They cannot be deposited on a copper electrode.
D)   Their reduction potentials are more negative than water's.
E)   Their reduction requires large overvoltages.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 19

Carbon atoms in the carbon cycle spend most of their time in the oceans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Sulfur trioxide is the anhydride of sulfuric acid. However, SO3 is not added directly to water during the synthesis of sulfuric acid because

Accepted Answer

A)   hydration of SO3 is very exothermic and difficult to control.
B)   hydration of SO3 is very endothermic and proceeds too slowly to be profitable.
C)   at high temperatures water vapor catalyzes polymerization of SO3.
D)   vapor phase sulfuric acid is corrosive and limits the useful life of the reactor.
E)   the water would decompose under such conditions.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E) C

Exam 22: The Elements in Nature and Industry

What are the main mineral sources of phosphorus?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

The process that selectively extracts a metal from its ore, by dissolving it, is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cryolite, Na3AlF6, is used in the electrolysis of aluminum oxide because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Electrometallurgy uses _________________ to separate a metal from its ore.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most common source for commercial production of sodium is called

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The process used to produce silicon with a purity of more than 99.999999% is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process in which a gaseous substance is converted into a condensed, more usable chemical substance is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sulfide ores are frequently treated by flotation in order to concentrate them.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the electrolysis of water, the hydrogen gas evolved at the cathode is enriched in deuterium (hydrogen-2), compared to the more common isotope, protium (hydrogen-1).

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most common source for commercial production of aluminum is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Hall-Heroult process refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following general process occurs when a mineral is roasted?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nitrogen fixation occurs through atmospheric, industrial, and biological processes. Which of these fixes the most nitrogen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following species or compounds reacts at the cathode in the Hall-Héroult process?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hydrogen displays the largest kinetic isotope effect of all the elements.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Plants extract phosphate from the soil

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Calcium oxide is added to molten iron in the production of carbon steel in order to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The final step of the purification of copper involves electrorefining in which copper is separated from nickel and iron by being reduced at the cathode of a cell. Why are nickel and iron not reduced?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carbon atoms in the carbon cycle spend most of their time in the oceans.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sulfur trioxide is the anhydride of sulfuric acid. However, SO3 is not added directly to water during the synthesis of sulfuric acid because

Correct AnswerverifiedC

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D

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Cryolite, Na₃AlF₆, is used in the electrolysis of aluminum oxide because

Correct Answer
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C

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Sulfur trioxide is the anhydride of sulfuric acid. However, SO₃ is not added directly to water during the synthesis of sulfuric acid because

Correct Answer
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C